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The 2025 India–Pakistan situation refers to the sudden escalation of tensions and a series of clashes between India and Pakistan following a shooting targeting tourists in the Indian-controlled Kashmir region on April 22, 2025.
Historically, India and Pakistan have experienced multiple conflicts and wars over the ownership of the Kashmir region. On April 22, 2025, a shooting occurred in Indian-controlled Kashmir, targeting tourists and resulting in 26 deaths and multiple injuries. After the incident, India firmly claimed that the shooting was connected to Pakistan, and immediately announced a series of diplomatic and strategic retaliatory measures. In response to India's accusations and actions, Pakistan also implemented several countermeasures.
After April 22, military confrontations between India and Pakistan continued to escalate, with both sides increasing troops along the Kashmir frontline and frequent small-scale military skirmishes at border outposts. From May 7, India launched a military operation code-named "Sindoor" against Pakistan. In response, on May 10, the Pakistani military launched "Operation Iron Wall" [230]. After the conflict further escalated on May 10, the Pakistani Foreign Minister stated that if India stopped under the current situation, Pakistan would also consider a ceasefire. The Indian military also declared it had delivered an "effective response" to Pakistani actions and was committed to "not escalating the conflict, provided that Pakistan did the same".
On the evening of May 10, Pakistan and India agreed to an immediate ceasefire [198-200]. On May 13, local time, India and Pakistan each expelled a diplomat of the other side [260]. On May 14, India again closed all sluice gates at the Baglihar Dam.
The 2025 India–Pakistan situation marks the most severe escalation between the two countries in decades. The international community has expressed grave concern about the rising tensions, calling on both sides to exercise restraint and prevent further escalation.
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